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physiological phosphate buffer  (Merck KGaA)

 
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    Merck KGaA physiological phosphate buffer
    Physiological Phosphate Buffer, supplied by Merck KGaA, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/physiological+buffer/physiological+phosphate+buffer/pm38723828-91-7-10
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    physiological phosphate buffer - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    90/100 stars

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    Related Articles

    Preserving:

    Article Title: Presenting a novel model to visualize the interaction process between blue (445 nm) and infrared laser radiation (810 nm) in oral soft tissue.
    Article Snippet: For preservation, the gelatine was first mixed in a concentration of 6.6% in a sterile rinsing solution (0.9% physiological saline solution, 0.01‰ sodium azide, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), then autoclaved, and blended with defibrinated sheep blood in a mixing ratio of 1:10.

    Article Title: Modulation of the Gut Microbiota by Tomato Flours Obtained after Conventional and Ohmic Heating Extraction and Its Prebiotic Properties.
    Article Snippet: The fecal inocula (FI) were then prepared by diluting the fecal matter in Reduced Physiological Salt solution (RPS) (constituted by 0.5 g/L cysteine-HCl (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and 8.5 g/L NaCl (LabChem, Zelienople, PA, USA), with a final pH value of 6.8, at 100 g/L in an anaerobic workstation (Don Whitley Scientific, West Yorkshire, UK) (10% CO2, 5% H2, and 85% N2) [2].

    Article Title: Polycarboxy/Sulfo Betaine—Calcium Phosphate Hybrid Materials with a Remineralization Potential
    Article Snippet: The initial substances CaCl 2 .2H 2 O (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, A.R.) and Na 2 HPO 4 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, A.R.) were dissolved in a physiological solution (0.9% NaCl, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, A.R.) to obtain 0.05 M of a Ca solution and 0.03 M of a P solution, respectively.

    Article Title: Effect of aging treatments on mechanical, chemical, and antibacterial properties of a β-type Ti-Nb-Cu alloy for implant applications
    Article Snippet: Bacterial infections are one major cause of metallic implant failure.. A metastable β-type 96(Ti–45Nb)–4Cu alloy was developed for potential load-bearing implant applications with tailored antibacterial properties.. The cast alloy was initially subjected to homogenization (1000 C, 24 h, water-quenched), and then aged at two temperatures (425 C, 640 C, 8 h).

    Article Title: Polycarboxy/Sulfo Betaine-Calcium Phosphate Hybrid Materials with a Remineralization Potential.
    Article Snippet: The initial substances CaCl2.2H2O (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, A.R.) and Na2HPO4 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, A.R.) were dissolved in a physiological solution (0.9% NaCl, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, A.R.) to obtain 0.05 M of a Ca solution and 0.03 M of a P solution, respectively.

    Article Title: Fiber from elicited butternut pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata D. cv. Ariel) modulates the human intestinal microbiota dysbiosis.
    Article Snippet: Elicited pumpkin was evaluated as a potential daily consumption product able to modulate the gut microbiota.. An in vitro dynamic colonic fermentation performance with microbiota from obese volunteers was used.. Prebiotic effects were observed after the pumpkin treatment.

    Article Title: Technical Characterization of a High-Power Diode Laser at 445 nm for Medical Applications: From Continuous Wave Down to Pulse Durations in the µs-Range
    Article Snippet: Until the irradiation was carried out, the samples were covered with gauze saturated with a sterile rinsing solution (0.9% physiological saline solution, 0.01‰ sodium azide, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and stored cooled at 4 ◦C [20].

    Concentration Assay:

    Article Title: Presenting a novel model to visualize the interaction process between blue (445 nm) and infrared laser radiation (810 nm) in oral soft tissue.
    Article Snippet: For preservation, the gelatine was first mixed in a concentration of 6.6% in a sterile rinsing solution (0.9% physiological saline solution, 0.01‰ sodium azide, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), then autoclaved, and blended with defibrinated sheep blood in a mixing ratio of 1:10.

    Article Title: Modulation of the Gut Microbiota by Tomato Flours Obtained after Conventional and Ohmic Heating Extraction and Its Prebiotic Properties.
    Article Snippet: The fecal inocula (FI) were then prepared by diluting the fecal matter in Reduced Physiological Salt solution (RPS) (constituted by 0.5 g/L cysteine-HCl (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and 8.5 g/L NaCl (LabChem, Zelienople, PA, USA), with a final pH value of 6.8, at 100 g/L in an anaerobic workstation (Don Whitley Scientific, West Yorkshire, UK) (10% CO2, 5% H2, and 85% N2) [2].

    Article Title: Polycarboxy/Sulfo Betaine—Calcium Phosphate Hybrid Materials with a Remineralization Potential
    Article Snippet: The initial substances CaCl 2 .2H 2 O (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, A.R.) and Na 2 HPO 4 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, A.R.) were dissolved in a physiological solution (0.9% NaCl, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, A.R.) to obtain 0.05 M of a Ca solution and 0.03 M of a P solution, respectively.

    Article Title: Effect of aging treatments on mechanical, chemical, and antibacterial properties of a β-type Ti-Nb-Cu alloy for implant applications
    Article Snippet: Bacterial infections are one major cause of metallic implant failure.. A metastable β-type 96(Ti–45Nb)–4Cu alloy was developed for potential load-bearing implant applications with tailored antibacterial properties.. The cast alloy was initially subjected to homogenization (1000 C, 24 h, water-quenched), and then aged at two temperatures (425 C, 640 C, 8 h).

    Article Title: Polycarboxy/Sulfo Betaine-Calcium Phosphate Hybrid Materials with a Remineralization Potential.
    Article Snippet: The initial substances CaCl2.2H2O (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, A.R.) and Na2HPO4 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, A.R.) were dissolved in a physiological solution (0.9% NaCl, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, A.R.) to obtain 0.05 M of a Ca solution and 0.03 M of a P solution, respectively.

    Article Title: Fiber from elicited butternut pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata D. cv. Ariel) modulates the human intestinal microbiota dysbiosis.
    Article Snippet: Elicited pumpkin was evaluated as a potential daily consumption product able to modulate the gut microbiota.. An in vitro dynamic colonic fermentation performance with microbiota from obese volunteers was used.. Prebiotic effects were observed after the pumpkin treatment.

    Article Title: Technical Characterization of a High-Power Diode Laser at 445 nm for Medical Applications: From Continuous Wave Down to Pulse Durations in the µs-Range
    Article Snippet: Until the irradiation was carried out, the samples were covered with gauze saturated with a sterile rinsing solution (0.9% physiological saline solution, 0.01‰ sodium azide, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and stored cooled at 4 ◦C [20].

    Sterility:

    Article Title: Presenting a novel model to visualize the interaction process between blue (445 nm) and infrared laser radiation (810 nm) in oral soft tissue.
    Article Snippet: For preservation, the gelatine was first mixed in a concentration of 6.6% in a sterile rinsing solution (0.9% physiological saline solution, 0.01‰ sodium azide, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), then autoclaved, and blended with defibrinated sheep blood in a mixing ratio of 1:10.

    Article Title: Modulation of the Gut Microbiota by Tomato Flours Obtained after Conventional and Ohmic Heating Extraction and Its Prebiotic Properties.
    Article Snippet: The fecal inocula (FI) were then prepared by diluting the fecal matter in Reduced Physiological Salt solution (RPS) (constituted by 0.5 g/L cysteine-HCl (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and 8.5 g/L NaCl (LabChem, Zelienople, PA, USA), with a final pH value of 6.8, at 100 g/L in an anaerobic workstation (Don Whitley Scientific, West Yorkshire, UK) (10% CO2, 5% H2, and 85% N2) [2].

    Article Title: Polycarboxy/Sulfo Betaine—Calcium Phosphate Hybrid Materials with a Remineralization Potential
    Article Snippet: The initial substances CaCl 2 .2H 2 O (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, A.R.) and Na 2 HPO 4 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, A.R.) were dissolved in a physiological solution (0.9% NaCl, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, A.R.) to obtain 0.05 M of a Ca solution and 0.03 M of a P solution, respectively.

    Article Title: Effect of aging treatments on mechanical, chemical, and antibacterial properties of a β-type Ti-Nb-Cu alloy for implant applications
    Article Snippet: Bacterial infections are one major cause of metallic implant failure.. A metastable β-type 96(Ti–45Nb)–4Cu alloy was developed for potential load-bearing implant applications with tailored antibacterial properties.. The cast alloy was initially subjected to homogenization (1000 C, 24 h, water-quenched), and then aged at two temperatures (425 C, 640 C, 8 h).

    Article Title: Polycarboxy/Sulfo Betaine-Calcium Phosphate Hybrid Materials with a Remineralization Potential.
    Article Snippet: The initial substances CaCl2.2H2O (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, A.R.) and Na2HPO4 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, A.R.) were dissolved in a physiological solution (0.9% NaCl, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, A.R.) to obtain 0.05 M of a Ca solution and 0.03 M of a P solution, respectively.

    Article Title: Fiber from elicited butternut pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata D. cv. Ariel) modulates the human intestinal microbiota dysbiosis.
    Article Snippet: Elicited pumpkin was evaluated as a potential daily consumption product able to modulate the gut microbiota.. An in vitro dynamic colonic fermentation performance with microbiota from obese volunteers was used.. Prebiotic effects were observed after the pumpkin treatment.

    Article Title: Technical Characterization of a High-Power Diode Laser at 445 nm for Medical Applications: From Continuous Wave Down to Pulse Durations in the µs-Range
    Article Snippet: Until the irradiation was carried out, the samples were covered with gauze saturated with a sterile rinsing solution (0.9% physiological saline solution, 0.01‰ sodium azide, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and stored cooled at 4 ◦C [20].

    Saline:

    Article Title: Presenting a novel model to visualize the interaction process between blue (445 nm) and infrared laser radiation (810 nm) in oral soft tissue.
    Article Snippet: For preservation, the gelatine was first mixed in a concentration of 6.6% in a sterile rinsing solution (0.9% physiological saline solution, 0.01‰ sodium azide, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), then autoclaved, and blended with defibrinated sheep blood in a mixing ratio of 1:10.

    Article Title: Modulation of the Gut Microbiota by Tomato Flours Obtained after Conventional and Ohmic Heating Extraction and Its Prebiotic Properties.
    Article Snippet: The fecal inocula (FI) were then prepared by diluting the fecal matter in Reduced Physiological Salt solution (RPS) (constituted by 0.5 g/L cysteine-HCl (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and 8.5 g/L NaCl (LabChem, Zelienople, PA, USA), with a final pH value of 6.8, at 100 g/L in an anaerobic workstation (Don Whitley Scientific, West Yorkshire, UK) (10% CO2, 5% H2, and 85% N2) [2].

    Article Title: Polycarboxy/Sulfo Betaine—Calcium Phosphate Hybrid Materials with a Remineralization Potential
    Article Snippet: The initial substances CaCl 2 .2H 2 O (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, A.R.) and Na 2 HPO 4 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, A.R.) were dissolved in a physiological solution (0.9% NaCl, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, A.R.) to obtain 0.05 M of a Ca solution and 0.03 M of a P solution, respectively.

    Article Title: Effect of aging treatments on mechanical, chemical, and antibacterial properties of a β-type Ti-Nb-Cu alloy for implant applications
    Article Snippet: Bacterial infections are one major cause of metallic implant failure.. A metastable β-type 96(Ti–45Nb)–4Cu alloy was developed for potential load-bearing implant applications with tailored antibacterial properties.. The cast alloy was initially subjected to homogenization (1000 C, 24 h, water-quenched), and then aged at two temperatures (425 C, 640 C, 8 h).

    Article Title: Polycarboxy/Sulfo Betaine-Calcium Phosphate Hybrid Materials with a Remineralization Potential.
    Article Snippet: The initial substances CaCl2.2H2O (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, A.R.) and Na2HPO4 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, A.R.) were dissolved in a physiological solution (0.9% NaCl, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, A.R.) to obtain 0.05 M of a Ca solution and 0.03 M of a P solution, respectively.

    Article Title: Fiber from elicited butternut pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata D. cv. Ariel) modulates the human intestinal microbiota dysbiosis.
    Article Snippet: Elicited pumpkin was evaluated as a potential daily consumption product able to modulate the gut microbiota.. An in vitro dynamic colonic fermentation performance with microbiota from obese volunteers was used.. Prebiotic effects were observed after the pumpkin treatment.

    Article Title: Technical Characterization of a High-Power Diode Laser at 445 nm for Medical Applications: From Continuous Wave Down to Pulse Durations in the µs-Range
    Article Snippet: Until the irradiation was carried out, the samples were covered with gauze saturated with a sterile rinsing solution (0.9% physiological saline solution, 0.01‰ sodium azide, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and stored cooled at 4 ◦C [20].

    Irradiation:

    Article Title: Presenting a novel model to visualize the interaction process between blue (445 nm) and infrared laser radiation (810 nm) in oral soft tissue.
    Article Snippet: For preservation, the gelatine was first mixed in a concentration of 6.6% in a sterile rinsing solution (0.9% physiological saline solution, 0.01‰ sodium azide, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), then autoclaved, and blended with defibrinated sheep blood in a mixing ratio of 1:10.

    Article Title: Modulation of the Gut Microbiota by Tomato Flours Obtained after Conventional and Ohmic Heating Extraction and Its Prebiotic Properties.
    Article Snippet: The fecal inocula (FI) were then prepared by diluting the fecal matter in Reduced Physiological Salt solution (RPS) (constituted by 0.5 g/L cysteine-HCl (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and 8.5 g/L NaCl (LabChem, Zelienople, PA, USA), with a final pH value of 6.8, at 100 g/L in an anaerobic workstation (Don Whitley Scientific, West Yorkshire, UK) (10% CO2, 5% H2, and 85% N2) [2].

    Article Title: Polycarboxy/Sulfo Betaine—Calcium Phosphate Hybrid Materials with a Remineralization Potential
    Article Snippet: The initial substances CaCl 2 .2H 2 O (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, A.R.) and Na 2 HPO 4 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, A.R.) were dissolved in a physiological solution (0.9% NaCl, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, A.R.) to obtain 0.05 M of a Ca solution and 0.03 M of a P solution, respectively.

    Article Title: Effect of aging treatments on mechanical, chemical, and antibacterial properties of a β-type Ti-Nb-Cu alloy for implant applications
    Article Snippet: Bacterial infections are one major cause of metallic implant failure.. A metastable β-type 96(Ti–45Nb)–4Cu alloy was developed for potential load-bearing implant applications with tailored antibacterial properties.. The cast alloy was initially subjected to homogenization (1000 C, 24 h, water-quenched), and then aged at two temperatures (425 C, 640 C, 8 h).

    Article Title: Polycarboxy/Sulfo Betaine-Calcium Phosphate Hybrid Materials with a Remineralization Potential.
    Article Snippet: The initial substances CaCl2.2H2O (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, A.R.) and Na2HPO4 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, A.R.) were dissolved in a physiological solution (0.9% NaCl, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, A.R.) to obtain 0.05 M of a Ca solution and 0.03 M of a P solution, respectively.

    Article Title: Fiber from elicited butternut pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata D. cv. Ariel) modulates the human intestinal microbiota dysbiosis.
    Article Snippet: Elicited pumpkin was evaluated as a potential daily consumption product able to modulate the gut microbiota.. An in vitro dynamic colonic fermentation performance with microbiota from obese volunteers was used.. Prebiotic effects were observed after the pumpkin treatment.

    Article Title: Technical Characterization of a High-Power Diode Laser at 445 nm for Medical Applications: From Continuous Wave Down to Pulse Durations in the µs-Range
    Article Snippet: Until the irradiation was carried out, the samples were covered with gauze saturated with a sterile rinsing solution (0.9% physiological saline solution, 0.01‰ sodium azide, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and stored cooled at 4 ◦C [20].



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    Experimental set-up for irradiation and OCT-imaging of the murine Arteria saphena. A For irradiation in the X-ray device (1), anesthetized animals were positioned on their left side and secured on a Plexiglas holder. The bent right leg and lower abdomen were shielded with lead to protect them from radiation, ensuring that only the inner side of the left lower leg remained within the irradiation field. The exposure area beneath the irradiation window was defined by a collimator plate made of a bismuth-lead-tin alloy (MCP-96) with copper cutouts (2). Up to five animals were irradiated simultaneously on an underlying Plexiglas plate (3). The mesures are given in centimeters. B The OCT system for vascular imaging of the A. saphena operates using near-infrared light emitted by a diode (1), which is transmitted to the scanner head (2) via fiber optic cables (3). Within the scanner head the incoming light is collimated to a beam of 2.4 mm in diameter through a collimator (4) (focal length = 12 mm) and subsequently divided into a reference and probe beam of equal diameter with a beam splitter. To scan the arterial surface, the probe beam is diffracted via two galvanometric scanners (5) (Cambridge Technologies, Planegg) and focused through an achromatic lense (6) (focal length = 25.4 mm, diameter = 15 mm). The light reflected by the arterial surface and the reference beam that has been reflected by a mirror are then recombined by the beam splitter. Fiber optic cables lead the resulting interference signal through a collimator (focal length = 40 mm) and to a spectrometer to be spectrally analyzed with a diffraction grating (1200 lines/mm). The interference spectrum is then focused through an achromatic lense (focal length = 75 mm) and detected with a silicon detector (LIS-1024, pixel size: 7.8 μm × 125 μm × 1024 px, Photon Vision Systems Inc., Homer, USA). A Fast Fourier Transform of the interference signal provides depth-resolved information about the arterial tissue. C Representative recording of the A. saphena (white arrows) and Vena saphena medialis (grey arrows) of a C57BL/6 mouse aged 8 weeks, one day after irradiation with 2 Gy. The upper picture row in the foreground represents 2-D cross sectional OCT-images. The picture row below in the background are video-recordings to orientate on the tissue. Left: Vessel diameter at rest after application of <t>physiological</t> buffer solution. Middle: Arterial vasoconstriction (VC) after application of buffer solution with high potassium concentration (K+). Right: Arterial vasodilation (VD) induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The diameter of the saphenous vein was unaffected. Below: Time course of inner diameter changes of A. saphena with fitted sigmoid function (black line). d0: initial diameter, dVC: minimal diameter during VC. dVD: maximal diameter during VD. t 1/2 : time of half VC or VD
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    Experimental set-up for irradiation and OCT-imaging of the murine Arteria saphena. A For irradiation in the X-ray device (1), anesthetized animals were positioned on their left side and secured on a Plexiglas holder. The bent right leg and lower abdomen were shielded with lead to protect them from radiation, ensuring that only the inner side of the left lower leg remained within the irradiation field. The exposure area beneath the irradiation window was defined by a collimator plate made of a bismuth-lead-tin alloy (MCP-96) with copper cutouts (2). Up to five animals were irradiated simultaneously on an underlying Plexiglas plate (3). The mesures are given in centimeters. B The OCT system for vascular imaging of the A. saphena operates using near-infrared light emitted by a diode (1), which is transmitted to the scanner head (2) via fiber optic cables (3). Within the scanner head the incoming light is collimated to a beam of 2.4 mm in diameter through a collimator (4) (focal length = 12 mm) and subsequently divided into a reference and probe beam of equal diameter with a beam splitter. To scan the arterial surface, the probe beam is diffracted via two galvanometric scanners (5) (Cambridge Technologies, Planegg) and focused through an achromatic lense (6) (focal length = 25.4 mm, diameter = 15 mm). The light reflected by the arterial surface and the reference beam that has been reflected by a mirror are then recombined by the beam splitter. Fiber optic cables lead the resulting interference signal through a collimator (focal length = 40 mm) and to a spectrometer to be spectrally analyzed with a diffraction grating (1200 lines/mm). The interference spectrum is then focused through an achromatic lense (focal length = 75 mm) and detected with a silicon detector (LIS-1024, pixel size: 7.8 μm × 125 μm × 1024 px, Photon Vision Systems Inc., Homer, USA). A Fast Fourier Transform of the interference signal provides depth-resolved information about the arterial tissue. C Representative recording of the A. saphena (white arrows) and Vena saphena medialis (grey arrows) of a C57BL/6 mouse aged 8 weeks, one day after irradiation with 2 Gy. The upper picture row in the foreground represents 2-D cross sectional OCT-images. The picture row below in the background are video-recordings to orientate on the tissue. Left: Vessel diameter at rest after application of <t>physiological</t> buffer solution. Middle: Arterial vasoconstriction (VC) after application of buffer solution with high potassium concentration (K+). Right: Arterial vasodilation (VD) induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The diameter of the saphenous vein was unaffected. Below: Time course of inner diameter changes of A. saphena with fitted sigmoid function (black line). d0: initial diameter, dVC: minimal diameter during VC. dVD: maximal diameter during VD. t 1/2 : time of half VC or VD
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    97
    Valiant Co Ltd physiological capillary depletion buffer
    Experimental set-up for irradiation and OCT-imaging of the murine Arteria saphena. A For irradiation in the X-ray device (1), anesthetized animals were positioned on their left side and secured on a Plexiglas holder. The bent right leg and lower abdomen were shielded with lead to protect them from radiation, ensuring that only the inner side of the left lower leg remained within the irradiation field. The exposure area beneath the irradiation window was defined by a collimator plate made of a bismuth-lead-tin alloy (MCP-96) with copper cutouts (2). Up to five animals were irradiated simultaneously on an underlying Plexiglas plate (3). The mesures are given in centimeters. B The OCT system for vascular imaging of the A. saphena operates using near-infrared light emitted by a diode (1), which is transmitted to the scanner head (2) via fiber optic cables (3). Within the scanner head the incoming light is collimated to a beam of 2.4 mm in diameter through a collimator (4) (focal length = 12 mm) and subsequently divided into a reference and probe beam of equal diameter with a beam splitter. To scan the arterial surface, the probe beam is diffracted via two galvanometric scanners (5) (Cambridge Technologies, Planegg) and focused through an achromatic lense (6) (focal length = 25.4 mm, diameter = 15 mm). The light reflected by the arterial surface and the reference beam that has been reflected by a mirror are then recombined by the beam splitter. Fiber optic cables lead the resulting interference signal through a collimator (focal length = 40 mm) and to a spectrometer to be spectrally analyzed with a diffraction grating (1200 lines/mm). The interference spectrum is then focused through an achromatic lense (focal length = 75 mm) and detected with a silicon detector (LIS-1024, pixel size: 7.8 μm × 125 μm × 1024 px, Photon Vision Systems Inc., Homer, USA). A Fast Fourier Transform of the interference signal provides depth-resolved information about the arterial tissue. C Representative recording of the A. saphena (white arrows) and Vena saphena medialis (grey arrows) of a C57BL/6 mouse aged 8 weeks, one day after irradiation with 2 Gy. The upper picture row in the foreground represents 2-D cross sectional OCT-images. The picture row below in the background are video-recordings to orientate on the tissue. Left: Vessel diameter at rest after application of <t>physiological</t> buffer solution. Middle: Arterial vasoconstriction (VC) after application of buffer solution with high potassium concentration (K+). Right: Arterial vasodilation (VD) induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The diameter of the saphenous vein was unaffected. Below: Time course of inner diameter changes of A. saphena with fitted sigmoid function (black line). d0: initial diameter, dVC: minimal diameter during VC. dVD: maximal diameter during VD. t 1/2 : time of half VC or VD
    Physiological Capillary Depletion Buffer, supplied by Valiant Co Ltd, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 97/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    hepes buffered physiological saline  (Thermo Fisher)
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    Thermo Fisher hepes buffered physiological saline
    Experimental set-up for irradiation and OCT-imaging of the murine Arteria saphena. A For irradiation in the X-ray device (1), anesthetized animals were positioned on their left side and secured on a Plexiglas holder. The bent right leg and lower abdomen were shielded with lead to protect them from radiation, ensuring that only the inner side of the left lower leg remained within the irradiation field. The exposure area beneath the irradiation window was defined by a collimator plate made of a bismuth-lead-tin alloy (MCP-96) with copper cutouts (2). Up to five animals were irradiated simultaneously on an underlying Plexiglas plate (3). The mesures are given in centimeters. B The OCT system for vascular imaging of the A. saphena operates using near-infrared light emitted by a diode (1), which is transmitted to the scanner head (2) via fiber optic cables (3). Within the scanner head the incoming light is collimated to a beam of 2.4 mm in diameter through a collimator (4) (focal length = 12 mm) and subsequently divided into a reference and probe beam of equal diameter with a beam splitter. To scan the arterial surface, the probe beam is diffracted via two galvanometric scanners (5) (Cambridge Technologies, Planegg) and focused through an achromatic lense (6) (focal length = 25.4 mm, diameter = 15 mm). The light reflected by the arterial surface and the reference beam that has been reflected by a mirror are then recombined by the beam splitter. Fiber optic cables lead the resulting interference signal through a collimator (focal length = 40 mm) and to a spectrometer to be spectrally analyzed with a diffraction grating (1200 lines/mm). The interference spectrum is then focused through an achromatic lense (focal length = 75 mm) and detected with a silicon detector (LIS-1024, pixel size: 7.8 μm × 125 μm × 1024 px, Photon Vision Systems Inc., Homer, USA). A Fast Fourier Transform of the interference signal provides depth-resolved information about the arterial tissue. C Representative recording of the A. saphena (white arrows) and Vena saphena medialis (grey arrows) of a C57BL/6 mouse aged 8 weeks, one day after irradiation with 2 Gy. The upper picture row in the foreground represents 2-D cross sectional OCT-images. The picture row below in the background are video-recordings to orientate on the tissue. Left: Vessel diameter at rest after application of <t>physiological</t> buffer solution. Middle: Arterial vasoconstriction (VC) after application of buffer solution with high potassium concentration (K+). Right: Arterial vasodilation (VD) induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The diameter of the saphenous vein was unaffected. Below: Time course of inner diameter changes of A. saphena with fitted sigmoid function (black line). d0: initial diameter, dVC: minimal diameter during VC. dVD: maximal diameter during VD. t 1/2 : time of half VC or VD
    Hepes Buffered Physiological Saline, supplied by Thermo Fisher, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    physiological phosphate buffer  (Merck KGaA)
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    Experimental set-up for irradiation and OCT-imaging of the murine Arteria saphena. A For irradiation in the X-ray device (1), anesthetized animals were positioned on their left side and secured on a Plexiglas holder. The bent right leg and lower abdomen were shielded with lead to protect them from radiation, ensuring that only the inner side of the left lower leg remained within the irradiation field. The exposure area beneath the irradiation window was defined by a collimator plate made of a bismuth-lead-tin alloy (MCP-96) with copper cutouts (2). Up to five animals were irradiated simultaneously on an underlying Plexiglas plate (3). The mesures are given in centimeters. B The OCT system for vascular imaging of the A. saphena operates using near-infrared light emitted by a diode (1), which is transmitted to the scanner head (2) via fiber optic cables (3). Within the scanner head the incoming light is collimated to a beam of 2.4 mm in diameter through a collimator (4) (focal length = 12 mm) and subsequently divided into a reference and probe beam of equal diameter with a beam splitter. To scan the arterial surface, the probe beam is diffracted via two galvanometric scanners (5) (Cambridge Technologies, Planegg) and focused through an achromatic lense (6) (focal length = 25.4 mm, diameter = 15 mm). The light reflected by the arterial surface and the reference beam that has been reflected by a mirror are then recombined by the beam splitter. Fiber optic cables lead the resulting interference signal through a collimator (focal length = 40 mm) and to a spectrometer to be spectrally analyzed with a diffraction grating (1200 lines/mm). The interference spectrum is then focused through an achromatic lense (focal length = 75 mm) and detected with a silicon detector (LIS-1024, pixel size: 7.8 μm × 125 μm × 1024 px, Photon Vision Systems Inc., Homer, USA). A Fast Fourier Transform of the interference signal provides depth-resolved information about the arterial tissue. C Representative recording of the A. saphena (white arrows) and Vena saphena medialis (grey arrows) of a C57BL/6 mouse aged 8 weeks, one day after irradiation with 2 Gy. The upper picture row in the foreground represents 2-D cross sectional OCT-images. The picture row below in the background are video-recordings to orientate on the tissue. Left: Vessel diameter at rest after application of <t>physiological</t> buffer solution. Middle: Arterial vasoconstriction (VC) after application of buffer solution with high potassium concentration (K+). Right: Arterial vasodilation (VD) induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The diameter of the saphenous vein was unaffected. Below: Time course of inner diameter changes of A. saphena with fitted sigmoid function (black line). d0: initial diameter, dVC: minimal diameter during VC. dVD: maximal diameter during VD. t 1/2 : time of half VC or VD
    Physiological Phosphate Buffer, supplied by Merck KGaA, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Experimental set-up for irradiation and OCT-imaging of the murine Arteria saphena. A For irradiation in the X-ray device (1), anesthetized animals were positioned on their left side and secured on a Plexiglas holder. The bent right leg and lower abdomen were shielded with lead to protect them from radiation, ensuring that only the inner side of the left lower leg remained within the irradiation field. The exposure area beneath the irradiation window was defined by a collimator plate made of a bismuth-lead-tin alloy (MCP-96) with copper cutouts (2). Up to five animals were irradiated simultaneously on an underlying Plexiglas plate (3). The mesures are given in centimeters. B The OCT system for vascular imaging of the A. saphena operates using near-infrared light emitted by a diode (1), which is transmitted to the scanner head (2) via fiber optic cables (3). Within the scanner head the incoming light is collimated to a beam of 2.4 mm in diameter through a collimator (4) (focal length = 12 mm) and subsequently divided into a reference and probe beam of equal diameter with a beam splitter. To scan the arterial surface, the probe beam is diffracted via two galvanometric scanners (5) (Cambridge Technologies, Planegg) and focused through an achromatic lense (6) (focal length = 25.4 mm, diameter = 15 mm). The light reflected by the arterial surface and the reference beam that has been reflected by a mirror are then recombined by the beam splitter. Fiber optic cables lead the resulting interference signal through a collimator (focal length = 40 mm) and to a spectrometer to be spectrally analyzed with a diffraction grating (1200 lines/mm). The interference spectrum is then focused through an achromatic lense (focal length = 75 mm) and detected with a silicon detector (LIS-1024, pixel size: 7.8 μm × 125 μm × 1024 px, Photon Vision Systems Inc., Homer, USA). A Fast Fourier Transform of the interference signal provides depth-resolved information about the arterial tissue. C Representative recording of the A. saphena (white arrows) and Vena saphena medialis (grey arrows) of a C57BL/6 mouse aged 8 weeks, one day after irradiation with 2 Gy. The upper picture row in the foreground represents 2-D cross sectional OCT-images. The picture row below in the background are video-recordings to orientate on the tissue. Left: Vessel diameter at rest after application of physiological buffer solution. Middle: Arterial vasoconstriction (VC) after application of buffer solution with high potassium concentration (K+). Right: Arterial vasodilation (VD) induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The diameter of the saphenous vein was unaffected. Below: Time course of inner diameter changes of A. saphena with fitted sigmoid function (black line). d0: initial diameter, dVC: minimal diameter during VC. dVD: maximal diameter during VD. t 1/2 : time of half VC or VD

    Journal: Cardio-oncology

    Article Title: Radiation- and age-related vascular dysfunction as an early indicator of cardiovascular risk: a long-term study in the ApoE −/− mouse model of atherosclerosis

    doi: 10.1186/s40959-025-00395-6

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimental set-up for irradiation and OCT-imaging of the murine Arteria saphena. A For irradiation in the X-ray device (1), anesthetized animals were positioned on their left side and secured on a Plexiglas holder. The bent right leg and lower abdomen were shielded with lead to protect them from radiation, ensuring that only the inner side of the left lower leg remained within the irradiation field. The exposure area beneath the irradiation window was defined by a collimator plate made of a bismuth-lead-tin alloy (MCP-96) with copper cutouts (2). Up to five animals were irradiated simultaneously on an underlying Plexiglas plate (3). The mesures are given in centimeters. B The OCT system for vascular imaging of the A. saphena operates using near-infrared light emitted by a diode (1), which is transmitted to the scanner head (2) via fiber optic cables (3). Within the scanner head the incoming light is collimated to a beam of 2.4 mm in diameter through a collimator (4) (focal length = 12 mm) and subsequently divided into a reference and probe beam of equal diameter with a beam splitter. To scan the arterial surface, the probe beam is diffracted via two galvanometric scanners (5) (Cambridge Technologies, Planegg) and focused through an achromatic lense (6) (focal length = 25.4 mm, diameter = 15 mm). The light reflected by the arterial surface and the reference beam that has been reflected by a mirror are then recombined by the beam splitter. Fiber optic cables lead the resulting interference signal through a collimator (focal length = 40 mm) and to a spectrometer to be spectrally analyzed with a diffraction grating (1200 lines/mm). The interference spectrum is then focused through an achromatic lense (focal length = 75 mm) and detected with a silicon detector (LIS-1024, pixel size: 7.8 μm × 125 μm × 1024 px, Photon Vision Systems Inc., Homer, USA). A Fast Fourier Transform of the interference signal provides depth-resolved information about the arterial tissue. C Representative recording of the A. saphena (white arrows) and Vena saphena medialis (grey arrows) of a C57BL/6 mouse aged 8 weeks, one day after irradiation with 2 Gy. The upper picture row in the foreground represents 2-D cross sectional OCT-images. The picture row below in the background are video-recordings to orientate on the tissue. Left: Vessel diameter at rest after application of physiological buffer solution. Middle: Arterial vasoconstriction (VC) after application of buffer solution with high potassium concentration (K+). Right: Arterial vasodilation (VD) induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The diameter of the saphenous vein was unaffected. Below: Time course of inner diameter changes of A. saphena with fitted sigmoid function (black line). d0: initial diameter, dVC: minimal diameter during VC. dVD: maximal diameter during VD. t 1/2 : time of half VC or VD

    Article Snippet: To assess the arterial diameter at baseline the exposed A. saphena was moistened with a physiological buffer solution (NaCl: 119 mmol/l, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany; KCl: 4.7 mmol/l, Merck; MgSO 4 : 1.17 mmol/l, Sigma-Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany; NaHCO 3 : 25 mmol/l, Merck; KH 2 PO 4 : 1.18 mmol/l, Merck; Glucose: 5.5 mmol/l, Merck; EDTA: 0.027 mmol/l, Prolabo, VWR International, Darmstadt) right before starting OCT. Acquisition of the baseline diameter stopped automatically after 30 initial B-scans (equivalent to a recording time of 7.5 s).

    Techniques: Irradiation, Imaging, Concentration Assay